Seatbelt – A C# Project That Performs A Number Of Security Oriented Host-Survey “Safety Checks” Relevant From Both Offensive And Defensive Security Perspectives

Seatbelt is a C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey “safety checks” relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.

@andrewchiles’ HostEnum.ps1 script and @tifkin_’s Get-HostProfile.ps1 provided inspiration for many of the artifacts to collect.

@harmj0y and @tifkin_ are the primary authors of this implementation.

Seatbelt is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license.

Command Line Usage

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Available commands (+ means remote usage is supported):

    + AMSIProviders          - Providers registered for AMSI
    + AntiVirus              - Registered antivirus (via WMI)
    + AppLocker              - AppLocker settings, if installed
         ARPTable               - Lists the current ARP table and adapter information (equivalent to arp -a)
      AuditPolicies          - Enumerates classic and advanced audit policy settings
    + AuditPolicyRegistry    - Audit settings via the registry
    + AutoRuns               - Auto run executables/scripts/programs
    + ChromiumBookmarks      - Parses any found Chrome/Edge/Brave/Opera bookmark files
    + ChromiumHistory        - Parses any found Chrome/Edge/Brave/Opera history files
    + ChromiumPresence       - Checks if interesting Chrome/Edge/Brave/Opera files exist
    + CloudCredentials       - AWS/Google/Azure/Bluemix cloud credential files
    + CloudSyncProviders     - All configured Office 365 endpoints (tenants and teamsites) which are synchronised by OneDrive.
      CredEnum               - Enumerates the current user's saved credentials using CredEnumerate()
    + CredGuard              - CredentialGuard configuration
         dir                    - Lists files/folders. By default, lists users' downloads, documents, and desktop folders (arguments == [directory] [depth] [regex] [boolIgnoreErrors]
    + DNSCache               - DNS cache entries (via WMI)
    + DotNet                 - DotNet versions
    + DpapiMasterKeys        - List DPAPI master keys
      EnvironmentPath        - Current environment %PATH$ folders and SDDL information
    + EnvironmentVariables   - Current environment variables
    + ExplicitLogonEvents    - Explicit Logon events (Event ID 4648) from the security event log. Default of 7 days, argument == last X days.
      ExplorerMRUs           - Explorer most recently used files (last 7 days, argument == last X days)
    + ExplorerRunCommands    - Recent Explorer "run" commands
      FileInfo               - Information about a file (version information, timestamps, basic PE info, etc. argument(s) == file path(s)
    + FileZilla                 - FileZilla configuration files
    + FirefoxHistory         - Parses any found FireFox history files
    + FirefoxPresence        - Checks if interesting Firefox files exist
    + Hotfixes               - Installed hotfixes (via WMI)
      IdleTime               - Returns the number of seconds since the current user's last input.
    + IEFavorites            - Internet Explorer favorites
      IETabs                 - Open Internet Explorer tabs
    + IEUrls                 - Internet Explorer typed URLs (last 7 days, argument == last X days)
    + InstalledProducts      - Installed products via the registry
      InterestingFiles       - "Interesting" files matching various patterns in the user's folder. Note: takes non-trivial time.
    + InterestingProcesses   - "Interesting" processes - defensive products and admin tools
         InternetSettings       - Internet settings including proxy configs and zones configuration
      KeePass                - Finds KeePass configuration files
    + LAPS                   - LAPS settings, if installed
    + LastShutdown           - Returns the DateTime of the last system shutdown (via the registry).
      LocalGPOs              - Local Group Policy settings applied to the machine/local users
    + LocalGroups            - Non-empty local groups, "-full" displays all groups (argument == computername to enumerate)
    + LocalUsers             - Local users, whether they're active/disabled, and pwd last set (argument == computername to enumerate)
    + LogonEvents            - Logon events (Event ID 4624) from the security event log. Default of 10 days, argument == last X days.
    + LogonSessions          - Windows logon sessions
      LOLBAS                 - Locates Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (LOLBAS) on the system. Note: takes non-trivial time.
    + LSASettings            - LSA settings (including auth packages)
    + MappedDrives           - Users' mapped drives (via WMI)
      McAfeeConfigs          - Finds McAfee configuration files
      McAfeeSiteList         - Decrypt any found McAfee SiteList.xml configuration files.
      MicrosoftUpdates       - All Microsoft updates (via COM)
      NamedPipes             - Named pipe names and any readable ACL information.
    + NetworkProfiles        - Windows network profiles
    + NetworkShares          - Network shares exposed by the machine (via WMI)
    + NTLMSettings           - NTLM authentication settings
      OfficeMRUs             - Office most recently used file list (last 7 days)
      OracleSQLDeveloper     - Finds Oracle SQLDeveloper connections.xml files
    + OS   Info                 - Basic OS info (i.e. architecture, OS version, etc.)
    + OutlookDownloads       - List files downloaded by Outlook
    + PoweredOnEvents        - Reboot and sleep schedule based on the System event log EIDs 1, 12, 13, 42, and 6008. Default of 7 days, argument == last X days.
    + PowerShell             - PowerShell versions and security settings
    + PowerShellEvents       - PowerShell script block logs (4104) with sensitive data.
    + PowerShellHistory      - Searches PowerShell console history files for sensitive regex matches.
      Printers               - Installed Printers (via WMI)
    + ProcessCreationEvents  - Process creation logs (4688) with sensitive data.
      Processes              - Running processes with file info company names that don't contain 'Microsoft', "-full" enumerates all processes
    + ProcessOwners          - Running non-session 0 process list with owners. For remote use.
    + PSSession   Settings      - Enumerates PS Session Settings from the registry
    + PuttyHostKeys          - Saved Putty SSH host keys
    + PuttySessions          - Saved Putty configuration (interesting fields) and SSH host keys
      RDCManFiles            - Windows Remote Desktop Connection Manager settings files
    + RDPSavedConnections    - Saved RDP connections stored in the registry
    + RDPSessions            - Current incoming RDP sessions (argument == computername to enumerate)
    + RDPsettings            - Remote Desktop Server/Client Settings
      RecycleBin             - Items in the Recycle Bin deleted in the last 30 days - only works from a user context!
      reg                    - Registry key values (HKLMSoftware by default) argument == [Path] [intDepth] [Regex] [boolIgnoreErrors]
      RPCMappedEndpoints     - Current RPC endpoints mapped
    + SCCM                   - System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) settings, if appli   cable
    + ScheduledTasks         - Scheduled tasks (via WMI) that aren't authored by 'Microsoft', "-full" dumps all Scheduled tasks
      SearchIndex            - Query results from the Windows Search Index, default term of 'passsword'. (argument(s) == <search path> <pattern1,pattern2,...>
      SecPackageCreds        - Obtains credentials from security packages
      SecurityPackages       - Enumerates the security packages currently available using EnumerateSecurityPackagesA()
      Services               - Services with file info company names that don't contain 'Microsoft', "-full" dumps all processes
    + SlackDownloads         - Parses any found 'slack-downloads' files
    + SlackPresence          - Checks if interesting Slack files exist
    + SlackWorkspaces        - Parses any found 'slack-workspaces' files
    + SuperPutty             - SuperPutty configuration files
    + Sysmon                 - Sysmon configuration    from the registry
    + SysmonEvents           - Sysmon process creation logs (1) with sensitive data.
      TcpConnections         - Current TCP connections and their associated processes and services
      TokenGroups            - The current token's local and domain groups
      TokenPrivileges        - Currently enabled token privileges (e.g. SeDebugPrivilege/etc.)
    + UAC                    - UAC system policies via the registry
      UdpConnections         - Current UDP connections and associated processes and services
      UserRightAssignments   - Configured User Right Assignments (e.g. SeDenyNetworkLogonRight, SeShutdownPrivilege, etc.) argument == computername to enumerate
    + WindowsAutoLogon       - Registry autologon information
      WindowsCredentialFiles - Windows credential DPAPI blobs
    + WindowsDefender        -    Windows Defender settings (including exclusion locations)
    + WindowsEventForwarding - Windows Event Forwarding (WEF) settings via the registry
    + WindowsFirewall        - Non-standard firewall rules, "-full" dumps all (arguments == allow/deny/tcp/udp/in/out/domain/private/public)
      WindowsVault           - Credentials saved in the Windows Vault (i.e. logins from Internet Explorer and Edge).
      WMIEventConsumer       - Lists WMI Event Consumers
      WMIEventFilter         - Lists WMI Event Filters
      WMIFilterBinding       - Lists WMI Filter to Consumer Bindings
    + WSUS                   - Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) settings, if applicable


Seatbelt has the following command groups: All, User, System, Slack, Chromium, Remote, Misc

    You can invoke command groups with "Seatbelt.exe <group>"

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=all" runs all commands

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=user" runs the    following commands:

        ChromiumPresence, CloudCredentials, CloudSyncProviders, CredEnum, dir,
        DpapiMasterKeys, ExplorerMRUs, ExplorerRunCommands, FileZilla,
        FirefoxPresence, IdleTime, IEFavorites, IETabs,
        IEUrls, KeePass, MappedDrives, OfficeMRUs,
        OracleSQLDeveloper, PowerShellHistory, PuttyHostKeys, PuttySessions,
        RDCManFiles, RDPSavedConnections, SecPackageCreds, SlackDownloads,
        SlackPresence, SlackWorkspaces, SuperPutty, TokenGroups,
        WindowsCredentialFiles, WindowsVault

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=system" runs the following commands:

        AMSIProviders, AntiVirus, AppLocker, ARPTable, AuditPolicies,
        AuditPolicyRegistry, AutoRuns, CredGuard, DNSCache,
        DotNet, EnvironmentPath, EnvironmentVariables, Hotfixes,
        InterestingProcesses, InternetSettings, LAPS, LastShutdown,
        LocalGPOs, LocalGroups, LocalUsers, LogonSessions,
           LSASettings, McAfeeConfigs, NamedPipes, NetworkProfiles,
        NetworkShares, NTLMSettings, OSInfo, PoweredOnEvents,
        PowerShell, Processes, PSSessionSettings, RDPSessions,
        RDPsettings, SCCM, Services, Sysmon,
        TcpConnections, TokenPrivileges, UAC, UdpConnections,
        UserRightAssignments, WindowsAutoLogon, WindowsDefender, WindowsEventForwarding,
        WindowsFirewall, WMIEventConsumer, WMIEventFilter, WMIFilterBinding,
        WSUS

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=slack" runs the following commands:

        SlackDownloads, SlackPresence, SlackWorkspaces

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=chromium" runs the following commands:

        ChromiumBookmarks, ChromiumHistory, ChromiumPresence

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=remote" runs the following commands:

        AMSIProviders, AntiVirus, AuditPolicyRegistry, ChromiumPresence, CloudCredentials,
        DNSCache, DotNet, DpapiMasterKeys, E   nvironmentVariables,
        ExplicitLogonEvents, ExplorerRunCommands, FileZilla, Hotfixes,
        InterestingProcesses, KeePass, LastShutdown, LocalGroups,
        LocalUsers, LogonEvents, LogonSessions, LSASettings,
        MappedDrives, NetworkProfiles, NetworkShares, NTLMSettings,
        OSInfo, PoweredOnEvents, PowerShell, ProcessOwners,
        PSSessionSettings, PuttyHostKeys, PuttySessions, RDPSavedConnections,
        RDPSessions, RDPsettings, Sysmon, WindowsDefender,
        WindowsEventForwarding, WindowsFirewall

   "Seatbelt.exe -group=misc" runs the following commands:

        ChromiumBookmarks, ChromiumHistory, ExplicitLogonEvents, FileInfo, FirefoxHistory,
        InstalledProducts, InterestingFiles, LogonEvents, LOLBAS,
        McAfeeSiteList, MicrosoftUpdates, OutlookDownloads, PowerShellEvents,
        Printers, ProcessCreationEvents, ProcessOwners, RecycleBin,
        reg, RPCMappedEndpoints, Sche   duledTasks, SearchIndex,
        SecurityPackages, SysmonEvents


Examples:
    'Seatbelt.exe <Command> [Command2] ...' will run one or more specified checks only
    'Seatbelt.exe <Command> -full' will return complete results for a command without any filtering.
    'Seatbelt.exe "<Command> [argument]"' will pass an argument to a command that supports it (note the quotes).
    'Seatbelt.exe -group=all' will run ALL enumeration checks, can be combined with "-full".
    'Seatbelt.exe <Command> -computername=COMPUTER.DOMAIN.COM [-username=DOMAINUSER -password=PASSWORD]' will run an applicable check remotely
    'Seatbelt.exe -group=remote -computername=COMPUTER.DOMAIN.COM [-username=DOMAINUSER -password=PASSWORD]' will run remote specific checks
    'Seatbelt.exe -group=system -outputfile="C:Tempout.txt"' will run system checks and output to a .txt file.
    'Seatbelt.exe -group=user -q -outputfile="C:Tempou   t.json"' will run in quiet mode with user checks and output to a .json file.

Note: searches that target users will run for the current user if not-elevated and for ALL users if elevated.

A more detailed wiki is coming…

Command Groups

Note: many commands do some type of filtering by default. Supplying the -full argument prevents filtering output. Also, the command group all will run all current checks.

For example, the following command will run ALL checks and returns ALL output:

Seatbelt.exe -group=all -full

system

Runs checks that mine interesting data about the system.

Executed with: Seatbelt.exe -group=system

user

Runs checks that mine interesting data about the currently logged on user (if not elevated) or ALL users (if elevated).

Executed with: Seatbelt.exe -group=user

misc

Runs all miscellaneous checks.

Executed with: Seatbelt.exe -group=misc

Additional Command Groups

Executed with: Seatbelt.exe -group=GROUPNAME

Command Arguments

Command that accept arguments have it noted in their description. To pass an argument to a command, enclose the command an arguments in double quotes.

For example, the following command returns 4624 logon events for the last 30 days:

Seatbelt.exe "LogonEvents 30"

The following command queries a registry three levels deep, returning only keys/valueNames/values that match the regex .*defini.*, and ignoring any errors that occur.

Seatbelt.exe "reg "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows Defender" 3 .*defini.* true"

Output

Seatbelt can redirect its output to a file with the -outputfile="C:Pathfile.txt" argument. If the file path ends in .json, the output will be structured json.

For example, the following command will output the results of system checks to a txt file:

Seatbelt.exe -group=system -outputfile="C:Tempsystem.txt"

Remote Enumeration

Commands noted with a + in the help menu can be run remotely against another system. This is performed over WMI via queries for WMI classes and WMI’s StdRegProv for registry enumeration.

To enumerate a remote system, supply -computername=COMPUTER.DOMAIN.COM – an alternate username and password can be specified with -username=DOMAINUSER -password=PASSWORD

For example, the following command runs remote-focused checks against a remote system:

Seatbelt.exe -group=remote -computername=192.168.230.209 -username=THESHIREsam -password="yum "po-ta-toes""

Building Your Own Modules

Seatbelt’s structure is completely modular, allowing for additional command modules to be dropped into the file structure and loaded up dynamically.

There is a commented command module template at .SeatbeltCommandsTemplate.cs for reference. Once built, drop the module in the logical file location, include it in the project in the Visual Studio Solution Explorer, and compile.

Compile Instructions

We are not planning on releasing binaries for Seatbelt, so you will have to compile yourself.

Seatbelt has been built against .NET 3.5 and 4.0 with C# 8.0 features and is compatible with Visual Studio Community Edition. Simply open up the project .sln, choose “release”, and build. To change the target .NET framework version, modify the project’s settings and rebuild the project.

Acknowledgments

Seatbelt incorporates various collection items, code C# snippets, and bits of PoCs found throughout research for its capabilities. These ideas, snippets, and authors are highlighted in the appropriate locations in the source code, and include:

• @andrewchiles’ HostEnum.ps1 script and @tifkin_’s Get-HostProfile.ps1 provided inspiration for many of the artifacts to collect.
• Boboes’ code concerning NetLocalGroupGetMembers
• ambyte’s code for converting a mapped drive letter to a network path
• Igor Korkhov’s code to retrieve current token group information
• RobSiklos’ snippet to determine if a host is a virtual machine
• JGU’s snippet on file/folder ACL right comparison
• Rod Stephens’ pattern for recursive file enumeration
• SwDevMan81’s snippet for enumerating current token privileges
• Jared Atkinson’s PowerShell work on Kerberos ticket caches
• darkmatter08’s Kerberos C# snippet
• Numerous PInvoke.net samples <3
• Jared Hill’s awesome CodeProject to use Local Security Authority to Enumerate User Sessions
• Fred’s code on querying the ARP cache
• ShuggyCoUk’s snippet on querying the TCP connection table
• yizhang82’s example of using reflection to interact with COM objects through C#
• @djhohnstein’s SharpWeb project
• @djhohnstein’s EventLogParser project
• @cmaddalena’s SharpCloud project, BSD 3-Clause
• @_RastaMouse’s Watson project, GPL License
• @_RastaMouse’s Work on AppLocker enumeration
• @peewpw’s Invoke-WCMDump project, GPL License
• TrustedSec’s HoneyBadger project, BSD 3-Clause
• CENTRAL Solutions’s Audit User Rights Assignment Project, No license
• Collection ideas inspired from @ukstufus’s Reconerator
• Office MRU locations and timestamp parsing information from Dustin Hurlbut’s paper Microsoft Office 2007, 2010 – Registry Artifacts
• The Windows Commands list, used for sensitive regex construction
• Ryan Ries’ code for enumeration mapped RPC endpoints
• Chris Haas’ post on EnumerateSecurityPackages()
• darkoperator’s work on the HoneyBadger project
• @airzero24’s work on WMI Registry enumeration
• Alexandru’s answer on RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey alternatives
• Tomas Vera’s post on JavaScriptSerializer
• Marc Gravell’s note on recursively listing files/folders
• @mattifestation’s Sysmon rule parser
• Some inspiration from spolnik’s Simple.CredentialsManager project, Apache 2 license
• This post on Credential Guard settings
• This thread on network profile information
• Mark McKinnon’s post on decoding the DateCreated and DateLastConnected SSID values
• This Specops post on group policy caching
• sa_ddam213’s StackOverflow post on enumerating items in the Recycle Bin
• Kirill Osenkov’s code for managed assembly detection
• The Mono project for the SecBuffer/SecBufferDesc classes
• Elad Shamir and his Internal-Monologue project, Vincent Le Toux for his DetectPasswordViaNTLMInFlow project, and Lee Christensen for this GetNTLMChallenge project. All of these served as inspiration int he SecPackageCreds command.
• @leftp and @eksperience’s Gopher project for inspiration for the FileZilla and SuperPutty commands
• @funoverip for the original McAfee SiteList.xml decryption code

We’ve tried to do our due diligence for citations, but if we’ve left someone/something out, please let us know!