Expert earned $100,500 bounty to hack Apple MacBook webcam and microphone

Apple paid +$100K bounty for a macOS series of flaws that can allow threat actors to take over the microphone and camera.

Apple last year addressed multiple macOS vulnerabilities discovered by the security researcher Ryan Pickren in the Safari browser that could allow threat actors to access users’ online accounts, microphone, and webcam.

Pickren received a total of $100,500 payouts for these issues as part of Apple’s bug bounty program.

The security researcher chained the vulnerabilities in iCloud Sharing and Safari 15 to gain unauthorized camera access. An attacker can trick victims into clicking “open” on a popup from my website in order to hijack multimedia permissions and gain full access to every website ever visited by the victim.

The expert pointed out that an attacker could exploit this attack chain to turn the user’s camera, and also to hack their iCloud, PayPal, Facebook, Gmail, and other accounts.

“My hack successfully gained unauthorized camera access by exploiting a series of issues with iCloud Sharing and Safari 15. While this bug does require the victim to click “open” on a popup from my website, it results in more than just multimedia permission hijacking. This time, the bug gives the attacker full access to every website ever visited by the victim. That means in addition to turning on your camera, my bug can also hack your iCloud, PayPal, Facebook, Gmail, etc. accounts too.” reads the post published by the expert. “This research resulted in 4 0day bugs (CVE-2021-30861, CVE-2021-30975, and two without CVEs), 2 of which were used in the camera hack. I reported this chain to Apple and was awarded $100,500 as a bounty.”

The bugs reside in the iCloud file-sharing mechanism named ShareBear. The iCloud Sharing Application ShareBear prompts users only upon attempting to open a shared document for the first time. Successive actions will no more display the prompt again once the users have accepted to open the file. Pickren successfully exploited this behavior by altering the file’s content and file extension after user agree to open it.

The CVE-2021-30861 is a logic issue in WebKit that could allow a malicious application to bypass Gatekeeper checks. The flaw was reported by Wojciech Reguła (@_r3ggi) and Ryan Pickren (ryanpickren.com). The second bug, tracked as CVE-2021-30975, resides in the Script Editor and could allow a malicious OSAX scripting addition to bypass Gatekeeper checks and circumvent sandbox restrictions.

“Once the user clicks Open, the file is downloaded onto the victim’s machine at the location /Users/<user>/Library/Mobile Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs then automatically opened via Launch Services. Then the user will never see this prompt again. From that point forward, ShareBear (and thus any website in Safari) will have the ability to automatically launch this file.” continues the post.”The truly problematic part of this agreement is that the file can be changed by anybody with write access to it. For example, the owner of the file could change the entire byte content and file extension after you agree to open it. ShareBear will then download and update the file on the victim’s machine without any user interaction or notification.”

In successive activities, the ShareBear will then download and update the file on the victim’s machine without any user interaction or notification. An attacker could exploit this behavior to plant malware onto the target machine.

The experts explained that an attacker could use an image file with a .PNG format and change its entire content and extension to an executable binary (“evil.dmg”) after the user has agreed to open it. Upon executing the binary, an exploit chain leveraging additional flaws in Safari can be triggered to take over the victim’s microphone or webcam, or to steal local files.

Additional info on the bugs discovered by the expert are available in the post he published.

“This project was an interesting exploration of how a design flaw in one application can enable a variety of other, unrelated, bugs to become more dangerous. It was also great example of how even with macOS Gatekeeper enabled, an attacker can still achieve a lot of mischief by tricking approved apps into doing malicious things.” concludes the expert. “​I submitted these bugs to Apple in mid July 2021. They patched all issues in early 2022 and rewarded me $100,500 as a bounty.”

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Pierluigi Paganini

(SecurityAffairs – hacking, Apple MacBook)

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