Ioctlance – A Tool That Is Used To Hunt Vulnerabilities In X64 WDM Drivers

Description

Presented at CODE BLUE 2023, this project titled Enhanced Vulnerability Hunting in WDM Drivers with Symbolic Execution and Taint Analysis introduces IOCTLance, a tool that enhances its capacity to detect various vulnerability types in Windows Driver Model (WDM) drivers. In a comprehensive evaluation involving 104 known vulnerable WDM drivers and 328 unknow n ones, IOCTLance successfully unveiled 117 previously unidentified vulnerabilities within 26 distinct drivers. As a result, 41 CVEs were reported, encompassing 25 cases of denial of service, 5 instances of insufficient access control, and 11 examples of elevation of privilege.

Features

Target Vulnerability Types

• map physical memory
• controllable process handle
• buffer overflow
• null pointer dereference
• read/write controllable address
• arbitrary shellcode execution
• arbitrary wrmsr
• arbitrary out
• dangerous file operation

Optional Customizations

• length limit
• loop bound
• total timeout
• IoControlCode timeout
• recursion
• symbolize data section

Build

Docker (Recommand)

docker build .

Local

dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
apt-get install git build-essential python3 python3-pip python3-dev htop vim sudo \
                openjdk-8-jdk zlib1g:i386 libtinfo5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 \
                libc6:i386 libssl-dev nasm binutils-multiarch qtdeclarative5-dev libpixman-1-dev \
                libglib2.0-dev debian-archive-keyring debootstrap libtool libreadline-dev cmake \
                libffi-dev libxslt1-dev libxml2-dev

pip install angr==9.2.18 ipython==8.5.0 ipdb==0.13.9

Analysis

# python3 analysis/ioctlance.py -h
usage: ioctlance.py [-h] [-i IOCTLCODE] [-T TOTAL_TIMEOUT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-l LENGTH] [-b BOUND]
                    [-g GLOBAL_VAR] [-a ADDRESS] [-e EXCLUDE] [-o] [-r] [-c] [-d]
                    path

positional arguments:
  path                  dir (including subdirectory) or file path to the driver(s) to analyze

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -i IOCTLCODE, --ioctlcode IOCTLCODE
                        analyze specified IoControlCode (e.g. 22201c)
  -T TOTAL_TIMEOUT, --total_timeout TOTAL_TIMEOUT
                        total timeout for the whole symbolic execution (default 1200, 0 to unlimited)
  -t TIMEOUT, --timeout TIMEOUT
                        timeout for analyze each IoControlCode (default 40, 0 to unlimited)
  -l LENGTH, --length LENGTH
                        the limit of number of instructions for technique L   engthLimiter (default 0, 0
                        to unlimited)
  -b BOUND, --bound BOUND
                        the bound for technique LoopSeer (default 0, 0 to unlimited)
  -g GLOBAL_VAR, --global_var GLOBAL_VAR
                        symbolize how many bytes in .data section (default 0 hex)
  -a ADDRESS, --address ADDRESS
                        address of ioctl handler to directly start hunting with blank state (e.g.
                        140005c20)
  -e EXCLUDE, --exclude EXCLUDE
                        exclude function address split with , (e.g. 140005c20,140006c20)
  -o, --overwrite       overwrite x.sys.json if x.sys has been analyzed (default False)
  -r, --recursion       do not kill state if detecting recursion (default False)
  -c, --complete        get complete base state (default False)
  -d, --debug           print debug info while analyzing (default False)

Evaluation

# python3 evaluation/statistics.py -h
usage: statistics.py [-h] [-w] path

positional arguments:
  path        target dir or file path

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
  -w, --wdm   copy the wdm drivers into <path>/wdm

Test

1. Compile the testing examples in test to generate testing driver files.
2. Run IOCTLance against the drvier files.

Reference

• ucsb-seclab/popkorn-artifact
• eclypsium/Screwed-Drivers
• koutto/ioctlbf
• Living Off The Land Drivers