Naikon’s Aria

Our colleagues at Checkpoint put together a fine research writeup on some Naikon resources and activity related to “aria-body” that we detected in 2017 and similarly reported in 2018. To supplement their research findings, we are summarizing and publishing portions of the findings reported in our June 2018 “Naikon’s New AR Backdoor Deployment to Southeast Asia”. This malware and activity aligns with much of what the Checkpoint researchers brought to light today.

The Naikon APT became well-known in May 2015, when our public reporting first mentioned and then fully described the group as a long running presence in the APAC region. Even when the group shutdown much of their successful offensive activity after years of campaigns, Naikon maintained several splinter campaigns. Matching malware artifacts, functionality, and targeting demonstrates that the group continues to wage cyber-espionage campaigns in the South China Sea region during 2018.

“Aria-Body” or “AR” is a set of backdoors that maintain compilation dates between January 2017 and February 2018. It can be particularly difficult to detect, as much of this code operates in memory, injected by other loader components without touching disk. We trace portions of this codebase back to “xsFunction” exe and dll modules used in Naikon operations going back to 2012, as their compiled modules implement a subset of the xsFunction feature set. In all likelihood, this new backdoor and related activity is an extension of or merge with the group’s “Paradir Operation”. In the past, the group targeted communications and sensitive information from executive and legislative offices, law enforcement, government administrative, military and intelligence organizations within Southeast Asia. In many cases we have seen that these systems also were targeted previously with PlugX and other malware. So, the group has evolved bit since 2015, and their activity targeting these same profiles continues into 2018. We identified at least a half dozen individual variants from 2017 and 2018.

Technical Details

It seems clear that the same codebase has been reused by Naikon since at least 2012, and recent AR backdoors were built from that same code. Their use was tightly clustered in previously and heavily Naikon-targeted organizations, again lending confidence to clustering these resources and activity with previous “Naikon”.

Naikon’s new AR backdoor is a dll loaded into any one of multiple processes, providing remote access to a system. AR load attempts have been identified within processes with executable images listed here:

• c:windowssystem32svchost.exe
• c:windowssyswow64svchost.exe
• c:program fileswindows ntaccessoriesservices.exe
• c:usersdellappdataroamingmicrosoftwindowsstart menuprogramsstartupacrobat.exe
• c:alphazawgyisvchost.exe

Because this AR code is injected into processes, the yara rule provided in the Appendix is best run against memory dumps of processes maintaining a main image in the list above. The AR modules have additionally been seen in some others, including “msiexec.exe” processes.

Below are characteristics of the oldest AR and the newest known AR component in our collection.

When the dll is loaded, it registers a Windows class calling a specific Window procedure with a removable drive check, a CONNECT proxied callback to its main C2, an IP location verification against checkip.amazonaws[.]com, and further communications with a C2. Some previous modules’ flow may include more or less system information collection prior to the initial callback.

The most recent version of the backdoor utilizes another Window procedure to implement a raw input device based keystroke collector. This keylogger functionality was newly introduced to the malware code in February 2018, and was not present in previous versions.

The approximately 200 – 250kb AR backdoor family provides a familiar and slightly changing functionality set per compiled module. Because Checkpoint covers the same technical points in their post, we provide this simple summary list:

• Persistence handling
• File and directory handling
• Keylogging
• Shell/Process Management
• Network activity and status listing and management
• System information collection and management
• Download management
• Windows management
• Extension management
• Location/IP verification
• Network Communications over HTTP

Similarities to past Naikon components

Naikon components going back to 2012 maintain heavy similarities with the current “Aria-body” modules. Not only is some of the functionality only lightly modified, but the same misspellings in error logging remains in their codebase. Let’s examine an older 2013 Naikon module and a newer 2017 Naikon AR module here.

It’s clear that the underlying codebase continues to be deployed:

e09254fa4398fccd607358b24b918b63, CompiledOn: 2013:09:10 09:00:15

c766e55c48a4b2e7f83bfb8b6004fc51, CompiledOn: 2017:01:03 09:23:48

Kudos to the Checkpoint researchers for providing new details of the Naikon story into the public discussion.

For reference, some hashes and a YARA rule are provided here. More incident, infrastructure, IOCs, and details have been and are available to our threat intel customers (please, contact [email protected]).

Indicators of compromise

AR aria-body dll
c766e55c48a4b2e7f83bfb8b6004fc51
2ce4d68a120d76e703298f27073e1682

Loaders and related Naikon malware
0ed1fa2720cdab23d969e60035f05d92
3516960dd711b668783ada34286507b9

Verdicts – 2018 and Later
Trojan.Win32.Generic.gen
Trojan.Win32.SEPEH.gen
DangerousObject.Multi.Generic
Backdoor.Win64.Agent.h*
Backdoor.Win32.Agent.m*
Trojan-Downloader.Win32.Agent.x*

YARA Rules

rule apt_ZZ_Naikon_ARstrings : Naikon 
{
    meta:
        copyright = "Kaspersky"
        description = "Rule to detect Naikon aria samples"
        hash = "2B4D3AD32C23BD492EA945EB8E59B758"
        date = "2020-05-07"
        version = "1.0"

    strings:
        $a1 = "Terminate Process [PID=%d] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a2 = "TerminateProcess [PID=%d] Failed:%d" fullword wide
        $a3 = "Close tcp connection returns: %d!" fullword wide
        $a4 = "Delete Directory [%s] returns:%d" fullword wide
        $a5 = "Delete Directory [%s] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a6 = "Create Directory [%s] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a7 = "SHFileOperation [%s] returns:%d" fullword wide
        $a8 = "SHFileOperation [%s] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a9 = "Close tcp connection succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a10 = "OpenProcess [PID=%d] Failed:%d" fullword wide
        $a11 = "ShellExecute [%s] returns:%d" fullword wide
        $a12 = "ShellExecute [%s] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a13 = "FindFirstFile [%s] Error:%d" fullword wide
        $a14 = "Delete File [%s] succeeds!" fullword wide
        $a15 = "CreateFile [%s] Error:%d" fullword wide
        $a16 = "DebugAzManager" fullword ascii
        $a17 = "Create Directroy [%s] Failed:%d" fullword wide

        $m1 = "TCPx86.dll" fullword wide ascii
        $m2 = "aria-body" nocase wide ascii

    condition:
        uint16(0) == 0x5A4D and
        filesize < 450000 and
        (2 of ($a*) and 1 of ($m*))
}

rule apt_ZZ_Naikon_codebase : Naikon 
{
    meta:
        report = "Naikon New AR Backdoor Deployment to Southeast Asia"
        description = "Naikon typo"
        author = "Kaspersky"
        copyright = "Kaspersky"
        version = "1.0"
        date = "2018-06-28"
        last_modified = "2018-06-28"

    strings:
        $a1 = "Create Directroy [%s] Failed:%d" wide

    condition:
        uint16(0) == 0x5A4D and
        filesize < 450000 and
        $a1
}