RESim – Reverse Engineering Software Using A Full System Simulator

Reverse engineering using a full system simulator.

• Dynamic analysis by instrumenting simulated hardware using Simics
• Trace process trees, system calls and individual programs
• Reverse execution to selected breakpoints and events
• Integrated with IDA Pro(tm) debugging client
• Fuzz with a customized AFL, injecting directly into simulated memory

Broadly, RESim aids reverse engineering and vulnerability analysis of networks of Linux-based systems by inventorying processes in terms of the programs they execute and the data they consume. Data sources include files, device interfaces and inter-process communication mechanisms. Process execution and data consumption is documented through dynamic analysis of a running simulated system without installation or injection of software into the simulated system, and without detailed knowledge of the kernel hosting the processes.

RESim also provides interactive visibility into individual executing programs through use of a custom plug-in to the IDA Pro disassembler/debugger. The disassembler/debugger allows setting breakpoints to pause the simulation at selected events in either future time, or past time. For example, RESim can direct the simulation state to reverse until the most recent modification of a selected memory address.
Reloadable checkpoints may be generated at any point during system execution.
A RESim simulation can be paused for inspection, e.g., when a specified process is scheduled for execution, and subsequently continued, potentially with altered memory or register state. The analyst can explicitly modify memory or register content, and can also dynamically augment memory based on system events, e.g., change a password file entry when read by the su program.

Analysis is performed entirely through observation of the simulated target system’s memory and processor state, without need for shells, software injection, or kernel symbol tables. The analysis is said to be external because the analysis observation functions have no effect on the state of the simulated system.

RESim has been integrated with the American Fuzzing Lop (AFL) fuzzer. This fuzzing system injects fuzzed data directly into the application read buffer, simplifying the fuzzing setup and workflow. RESim automatically replays and analyzes any detected crashes, identifying the causes of crashes, e.g., corruption of execution control.

Please refer to the RESim User’s Guide for additional information. A brief demonstration of RESim can be seen here: (https://nps.box.com/s/rf3n104ualg38pon6b7fm6m6wqk9zz50)

RESim is based on a software vetting and forensic analysis platform created for the DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge. That repo is here: https://github.com/mfthomps/cgc-monitor. A paper describing that work is at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742287618301920 And a fine summary of the use of Simics in the CGC Monitor is at https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/blogs/simics-software-automates-cyber-grand-challenge-validation.html

[1]Simics is a full system simulator sold by Wind River, which holds all relevant trademarks.